Nanophthalmos: A Perspective on Identification and Therapy

Nanophthalmos is a rare and blinding disease. Diagnostic features include a small eye, small cornea, shallow anterior chamber, narrow angle, high lens/eye volume ratio, and uveal effusion. Intraocular surgery has a high rate of disastrous complications and blindness. The 32 eyes (16 patients) presented are in three categories based on angle closure and intraocular pressure levels. Treatment methods included medication, laser iridotomy and gonioplasty, peripheral iridectomy, filtration surgery, and cataract extraction. Glaucoma medication was effective, although miotics sometimes increased pupillary block. Laser iridotomy was successful in 83% of six eyes; laser gonioplasty in 91.6% of 12 eyes. Peripheral iridectomy succeeded in two of seven eyes, and filtering operations provided tension control in two of five eyes. Thirteen of 15 eyes undergoing filtration surgery suffered severe postoperative visual loss. Cataract extraction improved vision in only three of six eyes. The authors’ experience confirms that surgery in nanophthalmic eyes has an extremely high complication rate with disastrous results. Medication and laser therapy are the procedures of choice for angle-closure glaucoma in nanophthalmos.     

汤岗子矿泉浴对大鼠血液皮质醇及甲状腺素日生物周期节律影响的实验观察

本文报告大鼠分别在6时、12时、18时、24时接受汤岗子矿泉38～39℃浸浴15分钟后,立即断头取血测定血液皮质醇及甲状腺素(T_4)。在6时、24时的矿泉浸浴组大鼠血浆皮质醇比对照组明显升高。在12时、18时矿泉浸浴组大鼠血清T_4比对照组明显升高。说明肾上腺皮质及甲状腺功能对全身矿泉浸浴热刺激的反应也遵循日周期节律。为矿泉治疗的时间生物学理论提供依据。     

维吾尔族发旋的调查

本文报告了新疆维吾尔族425名大学生的发旋调查情况。发现维吾尔族的单旋顺旋率明显高于汉族(P<0.05),极显著高于壮族和瑶族(P<0.01),而反旋率低于汉族(P<0.05),明显低于壮族及瑶族(P<0.01)。双旋顺反旋率高于壮族(P<0.05),低于瑶族(P<0.01),顺顺旋率均高于汉族、壮族及瑶族(P<0.01)。提示了发旋这一性状有着明显的民族差异。     

洗泻停治疗小儿腹泻临床研究

本研究遵循清热利湿、消炎止泻、分利小便、调理脾胃气机的治则,采用"洗泻停"洗浴患儿小腿及双足治疗病毒性腹泻和饮食性腹泻。结果表明,平均止泻天数与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。具有缩短疗程、减少腹泻次数和排便量以及改善大便性状的良好作用。本文并就其治病机理进行了探讨。     

Bathe the baby to make it strong and healthy: Plant use and child care among Saramaccan Maroons in Suriname

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Young children are vulnerable to a range of illnesses and evil forces. Ethnobotanical folk remedies often play a major role in combating these afflictions. Here we show that plant use is highly valued and practiced within the Saramaccan Maroon Society in Suriname to maintain the general health and well-being of children.

Aim of the study

To assess the plant use importance in child care, we (1) quantified diversity and current status of herbal pharmacopoeia used in child care and (2) elucidated the reasons why care takers (mostly mothers) use these plants.

Methodology

We collected botanical vouchers of plants used in child care, carried out an ethnobotanical household survey with 105 women and interviewed 19 key informants.

Results

A total of 178 plant species were used in child care for different purposes. Preventive practices were preferred over curing remedies and plants were most frequently used to keep young children strong and healthy. Child care had a strong magical connotation. Bathing proved to be the most important type of application, often combined with drinking small amounts of the bath water.

Conclusions

Plants play an important role in child care, but more research is needed on how Maroon plant use reflects actual health problems in young children in the Surinamese interior.     

中药足浴配合中药保留灌肠治疗慢性溃疡性结肠炎的疗效观察

目的观察中药足浴疗法加中药保留灌肠对慢性溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者治疗效果的影响。方法将120例慢性溃疡性结肠炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例,对照组采用中药保留灌肠治疗,治疗组加用中药足治疗,连续治疗21d,观察治疗前后症状、体征、大便常规检查及肠镜检查变化。结果治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为86.67%和65.00%,经统计学处理,P<0.01,表明两组比较差异有显著性。结论中药足浴疗法加中药保留灌肠治疗慢性溃疡性结肠炎疗效显著。     

角膜神经漩涡结构的形态特点以及与眼表状态的关系

目的　探讨角膜神经漩涡结构的形态特点以及与眼表状态的关系。方法　回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年6月在北京大学第三医院眼科行眼表检查的451例（836眼）患者资料,共计分析1262人次检查结果。所有患者下睑中央泪河高度、泪膜破裂时间和上睑睑板腺形态均由眼表综合分析仪（德国OCULUS公司)获得,角膜神经漩涡图像由激光断层扫描系统(德国海德堡公司) Rostock 角膜模块获得,图像大小为400 μm×400 μm。每眼获取的角膜神经漩涡图像不低于5张。结果　本研究观察到2种神经漩涡形态:螺旋状漩涡和网状漩涡。在本次观察结果中,螺旋状漩涡占65.9%,网状漩涡占34.1%。漩涡有3种方向:顺时针、逆时针和无方向。以顺时针方向最多见,占81.2%。随访期内,漩涡神经沿其漩涡方向发生旋转式位移,但其形态类型和方向不发生转换。双眼角膜神经漩涡的形态类型及方向大多相同。螺旋状漩涡眼的下睑中央泪河高度［（0.19±0.07）mm］较网状漩涡［（0.21±0.07）mm］低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。顺时针漩涡眼的泪膜破裂时间［（4.34±1.94）s］比逆时针漩涡［（3.76±1.66）s］长,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;上睑板腺缺损评分［（1.94±0.83）分］较逆时针漩涡［（2.23±0.76）分］低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　角膜神经漩涡结构存在2种形态和3种方向,以顺时针多见。神经沿其漩涡方向进行旋转式位移,不发生形态和方向的逆转。不同漩涡形态、方向伴随不同的眼表状态。     

玻璃体切割手术致眼静脉空气栓塞的研究现状及进展

眼静脉空气栓塞(OVAE)是玻璃体切割手术中一种罕见的致命并发症。因手术部位靠近心脏且位于心脏上方,OVAE可能是所有手术中引起静脉空气栓塞(VAE)最严重的。随着玻璃体切割手术的发展,免缝合状态的灌注套管可出现向外滑动,使得灌注气体进入脉络膜上腔,导致涡静脉撕裂。玻璃体腔气体灌注时,外伤及脉络膜黑色素瘤手术导致的脉络膜血管伤口暴露于气体中,这使得加压气体可能通过撕裂的涡静脉或异常的脉络膜静脉开口进入循环系统导致OVAE。目前OVAE的定义、发病机制、临床表现及防治措施在不断完善,但多数玻璃体视网膜外科医生和麻醉医师仍不了解该医源性并发症。提高对OVAE的认识将有助于早期发现该并发症,进而做出及时处理,同时制定有效的预防策略。通过临床和实验室研究相结合,可不断优化OVAE防治原则。充分认识OVAE的发病机理和临床特点,关注 OVAE继发性病变的特征以及重视多学科间的合作有助于OVAE应急处理和预防措施的建立和完善。     

藻酸钙敷料联合消炎坐浴洗剂治疗糖尿病肛周脓肿的疗效观察和护理

目的探讨藻酸钙敷料联合消炎坐浴洗剂治疗糖尿病肛周脓肿的临床疗效。方法将34例糖尿病肛周脓肿患者随机均分为观察组(藻酸钙敷料联合消炎坐浴洗剂)与对照组(传统方法),比较2组治疗有效率及平均治愈时间。结果观察组治疗有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),平均愈合时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01)。结论使用藻酸钙敷料联合消炎坐浴洗剂治疗糖尿病肛周脓肿明显优于传统治疗方法,具有治愈率高、伤口愈合快等优点。     

Haematological toxicity in adult patients receiving craniospinal irradiation – Indication of a dose-bath effect

Background and purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the haematological toxicity observed in patients treated with craniospinal irradiation, and the dose distribution in normal tissue, specifically the occurrence of large volumes exposed to low dose.

Materials and methods

Twenty adult male patients were included in this study; eight treated with helical tomotherapy (HT), and twelve with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. The relative volume of red bone marrow and body that was exposed to low dose (i.e. the so-called dose bath) was evaluated and correlated with nadir blood values during treatment, i.e. the severity of anaemia, leukopaenia, and thrombocytopaenia. The correlation was tested for different dose levels representing the dose bath using the Pearson product-moment correlation method.

Results

We found a significant correlation between the volume of red bone marrow exposed to low dose and the severity of thrombocytopaenia during treatment. Furthermore, for the HT patients, a significant correlation was found between the relative volume of the body exposed to low dose and the severity of anaemia and leukopenia.

Conclusions

The severity of haematological toxicity correlated with the fraction of red bone marrow or body that was exposed to low dose.